S1/1
- S – sand, 1 - variation, /
1 - Upchurch, including Hoo and all Medway marshes
S1/1b
- S – sand, 1 - variation, /
1 - Upchurch, including Hoo and all Medway
marshes, b - burnished
(Background
grid to pictures in cm squares)
Picture of fabric of sherd of Sand
Tempered Ware pictured above
(scale in millimetres)
S1/3b
- S - sand, 1 - variation, /
3 - Oakleigh Farm, Higham Kiln,, b -
burnished
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grid to pictures in cm squares)
Picture of fabric of sherd of Sand Tempered Ware pictured above
(scale in millimetres)
(Background
grid to pictures in cm squares)
Picture of fabric of sherd of Sand
Tempered Ware pictured above
(scale in millimetres)
S1/4
- S - sand, 1 - variation, /
4 - Cliffe
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grid to pictures in cm squares)
Picture of fabric of sherd of Sand
Tempered Ware pictured above
(scale in millimetres)
S1/4b
- S - sand, 1 - variation, /
4 - Cliffe, b - burnished
(Background
grid to pictures in cm squares)
Picture of fabric of sherd of Sand
Tempered Ware pictured above
(scale in millimetres)
S1/6b
- S - sand, 1 - variation, / 6
- Cooling
S1/6bs
- S - sand, 1 - variation, / 6
- Cooling, b - burnished s
-
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grid to pictures in cm squares)
Picture
still to be added here
Picture of fabric of sherd of Sand
Tempered Ware pictured above
(scale in millimetres)
S3/1
- S - sand, 3 - variation, / 1
- Upchurch (Slayhills), b - burnished
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grid to pictures in cm squares)
Picture
still to be added here
Picture of fabric of sherd of Sand
Tempered Ware pictured above
(scale in millimetres)
S4/1b
- S - sand, 4 - variation, / 1
- Upchurch , b - burnished
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grid to pictures in cm squares)
Picture
still to be added here
Picture of fabric of sherd of Sand Tempered Ware pictured above
(scale in millimetres)
S5/4b
- S - sand, 5 - variation, / 4
- Cliffe, b - burnished
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grid to pictures in cm squares)
Picture
still to be added here
Picture of fabric of sherd of Sand
Tempered Ware pictured above
(scale in millimetres)
(Background
grid to pictures in cm squares)
Picture
still to be added here
Picture of fabric of sherd of Sand
Tempered Ware pictured above
(scale in millimetres)
S7/6b
- S - sand, 7 - variation, / 6
- Cooling, , b - burnished
(Background
grid to pictures in cm squares)
Picture
still to be added here
Picture of fabric of sherd of Sand
Tempered Ware pictured above
(scale in millimetres)
S1/1
Colour : Grey,
occasionally brown or orange.
Section : as surface,
occasionally sandwiched shades of grey.
Texture : rough.
Fracture : hackley.
Hardness : fairly hard.
Surface : undecorated,
untreated.
Decoration : none . May have a finishing gloss near rim.
Manufacture : wheel thrown.
Inclusions : Quartz, abundant, medium, i, SA.
Magnetite, sparse, medium, i, SA.
Ironstone, sparse, fine, i, R.
Greensand, occasional, medium, i, R.
Variations:
S1/3: As S1/1 except the fabric includes Quartz, moderate, medium,
w, SA in addition to larger grains.
S1/4: As S1/1 but quartz tends to be less abundant. Also
includes:
Flint, occasional, coarse, i, A
Shell, occasional, medium, i, F
S1/5: As S1/4 except that colour tends towards brown and buff shades
of grey.
S1/6: As S1/1 except that quartz tends to be fine.
S1/4b
Colour :
black to mid grey.
Section : lighter
grey than surface, often with black core.
Texture :
smooth.
Hardness : fairly hard.
Fracture : hackley.
Surface : burnished
all over on dishes, on exterior and rim of enclosed vessels.
Decoration : burnished zones, open or closed
acute lattice, sine waves, burnished parallel lines or crosses,
tooled cordons and grooves.
Manufacture : wheel thrown. Some turning on bases and on
rims.
Inclusions : Quartz,
abundant, medium, w, SA.
Magnetite, sparse, very fine, w, R.
Mica, occasional, fine, i, F.
Chalk, occasional, medium, i, SA.
Flint, occasional, coarse, i, A.
Shell, occasional, medium, i, F.
Variations:
"early" S1/4b: The quartz is consistently more abundant
and larger than above.
S1/1b: As S1/4b except that quartz is more abundant and burnish
tends to be inferior.
S1/3b: As S1/4b except that quartz is fine and abundant.
S1/5b: As S1/4b except that colour is often black-brown whilst
section margins are often light green-buff shades.
S1/6b: As S1/4b except that the colour in section tends to be
sandwiched with a grey core and orange margins.
Quartz is often moderate, medium.
S1/6bs: A burnished and slipped ware identical to S1/6b, but with a
grey slip applied to the shoulders of jars and
bowls prior to burnishing. The slip remains darker than the body of
the pot, but may turn red in
burnished areas when misfired.
S1/lbs: As S1/1b with grey slip.
S1/3bs: As S1/3b with grey slip.
S1/4bs: As S1/4b but slipped finish is burnished a very glossy
black.
S1/5bs: As S1/5b with a dark or light grey slip.
S2/1
Colour
: grey but frequently orange.
Section
: light grey or as surface.
Texture
: rough.
Hardness : fairly hard.
Fracture :
hackley.
Surface
: untreated.
Decoration : cordons and
stabbing.
Manufacture : wheel thrown.
Inclusions : Quartz,
sparse, medium and coarse, i, R.
Greensand, sparse, medium, i, R.
Magnetite, occasional, medium, i, R.
Flint, occasional, medium, i, SA.
Vegetable charcoal, occasional, medium, i, I.
Note :
Probably a coarse aberration of S1/1 with larger, less frequent
inclusions. Other sites produce a few equivalent fabrics, but only
S2/6 is noticeable in any quantity.
S3/1hb
Colour :
black or shades of brown, grey or orange.
Section : as
surface.
Texture :
smooth.
Hardness : fairly hard.
Fracture : hackley,
Surface : usually
burnished overall or in parts, occasionally wet burnished, giving
the appearance of a slip.
Decoration : vertical combing or burnishing in
zones.
Manufacture : hand built. Some rims may be wheel finished.
Some pot bodies and bases are knife-trimmed.
Inclusions : Quartz, moderate-
abundant, medium & coarse, i, SA.
Greensand, occasional, medium, i, R.
Vegetable charcoal, occasional, medium, i, I.
Flint, occasional, coarse, i, A.
Variations :
S3/1h: Unburnished variant of above. Texture is rough, surface
untreated.
S3/1: Wheelmade version of above. Intermediate between S3/1h and
fabric S1/1.
S3/4h: Almost insignificant in quantity as S1/4 fulfils same role. A
variant of S1/4 with more, coarser sand.
S3/6h
Colour
: orange or grey.
Section :
orange or grey.
Texture :
rough,
Hardness : soft.
Fracture : hackley.
Surface :
untreated.
Decoration : horizontal combing, cordons,
grooves.
Manufacture : handmade.
Inclusions : Quartz, abundant,
coarse, i, SA.
Magnetite: sparse, medium, i, A.
Shell, sparse, medium, i, F.
Ironstone, sparse, fine, i, SA.
Flint (pink), occasional, coarse, i, A.
Variations :
S3/6hb: As above except burnishing is used to produce a smooth
texture on the surface or is employed in zones as decoration.
S4/6: Wheelmade version which includes sparse, coarse, vegetable
charcoal producing a softer fabric.
S41lb: As S1/1b with the notable exceptions that the colour tends to
be brown shades of grey. Moderate, coarse vegetable charcoal pieces
discolour the section and make the fabric soft.
S5/4b
Colour
: matt black or dark grey.
Section : pale
grey.
Texture :
smooth.
Hardness : fairly hard.
Fracture : fine
irregular.
Surface :
burnished, but with a matt finish.
Decoration : latticing, burnished lines or
sine waves.
Manufacture : wheel made.
Inclusions : Quartz, moderate,
fine-very fine, w, SA.
Quartz, sparse, medium, i, R.
Magnetite, occasional, medium, i, R.
Vegetable charcoal, occasional, medium, i, I.
Note :
Less glossy, less robust and distinctly finer version of S1/4b,
normally confined to dishes.
Variations :
S5/1b: As S5/4b but with: Flint, occasional, medium, i, F.
Fabric definitions
- Fabrics are listed according to
temper. Where fabrics from different production sites are very
similar, only the most typical is described in full. The remainder
are listed in numerical order. Only Upchurch and Thameside fabrics
are described, those of Thameside Essex and West Kent being beyond
the scope of this work. The philosophy of the chosen system is
outlined in chapter 4.
Temper Codes C - chaff, F -
flint, G - grog, H - shell, I -
no temper, S - sand
Production Area 1 -
Upchurch, including Hoo and all Medway marshes. 2 -Isle
of Grain.
Codes 3
- Higham and the High ground above the
Thames. 4 -Cliffe
parish.
5 - Shorne parish and marshes to the east of
Chalk. 6 -Cooling and Halstow
marshes.
Technical Variations b -
burnished. h -hand made body (rim may
be wheel finished),
p -pitch-painted, s -slipped.
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