many names had derived, whether anciently or recently, from owners or occupiers. Often, the provenance of a name is much more certain than is the time when it originated. Thus, ‘Lance Dean’ on West Yoke Farm was now in the tenure of a Middleton, but at some past time must presumably have been owned or occupied by a Lance. ‘Hodsoll Shaw’ was still owned by the Hodsolls and, as it was detached from the main part of their South Ash Farm, there was a special reason for so calling it, but there is no knowing when the name first came into use. ‘The third of Elcombs Field’ must also have been to some extent a relic from the past, since Elcomb was no longer concerned with it. The more important Peckham Wood might have acquired its name at any time during, the Peckhams’ long tenure of Yaldham Manor.
   The Turner whose oak made some geographical impact on the parish might have been a John Turnar (sic) who was baptized in 1563 or, more probably, a Nicholas Turner who died in 1665. Whoever he was, he is likely to have been sometime owner or occupier of Turner’s Farm, although not necessarily of ‘Turners Oak Field’; the field was hard by Turner’s Oak but 

was not, in 1792, part of Turner’s Farm. Pennis Wood and Pennis Farm, which latter also extended into Ash, derived their names from the Peny family, who lived in Fawkham for some part’ of the fifteenth century; their home there, Penys Place, was probably so called after Thomas Peny, who died in 1444. Pennis Wood may have included ‘Peny‘s Grove’, otherwise known as ‘Peny’ s Acre’, which was one of the pieces of Ash land that Thomas Walter settled on his son John in 1590.
   Other names that look to have stemmed from a personal relationship Included ‘Johnson’s Field’ and ‘Knights Grove’ on Ash Place Farm, ‘James’s Field’ and, maybe, ‘Tylers Field’ on Mr Whitaker’s West Yoke Farm, ‘Butlers’ on North Ash Farm, ‘Martins Croft and Shaw’ at Upper Pettings, ‘Hunts Field’ on Mrs Brown’s Lower Yard Farm and perhaps the Revd Mr Whitehead’s ‘Pipers Wood’. Whether by accident or design, Christian names appear occasionally, as in ‘Joan Croft’ on Waters Farm and ‘Israels Field’ on Turner’s Farm. There was also a ‘Jack Nabs Shaw’, but almost certainly there was never a Jack Nabs.¹⁹