buttery, kitchen, etc., were built along the east side. The fire-place of the hail was enclosed in a semi-circular projection with flanking buttresses which slope up its sides on to the outer face of the east wall. A little further south there came a large tower. In the south wall, at its junction with the remnants of the Columbers keep, was built a semicircular projection enclosing another fire-place, very similar to that of the great hail, but the building which it served has disappeared, all the existing buildings to the south of the buttery and kitchen adjoining the great hall being later additions. A garderobe, forming a square projection externally, was inserted in the bit of Columbers wall that still exists in the south wall of the castle. A little to west of it the Penchester work begins again, and the junction with the Columbers wall can be clearly traced right down to the bottom of the foundations. The ground floor of the tower called Solomon’s Tower was built, when suddenly the whole style of the building changes, and a new architect obviously came in. He completed Solomon’s Tower and built the chambers north of it that fill the space 

up to, and abut against, the south end of the west wing of the Avelina house. These chambers I call the Penchester lodgings. Their outer wall consists in its lower part of the Avelina wall of enclosure, which was strong enough to carry the weight of the upper part of the wall now added. The same architect also built the tower outside the Penchester lodgings. It is built against and not bonded into the previously existing wall below, but it is bonded into the now added upper part of the wall.
   Penchester’s work thus falls into two periods or stages. In the first the vaults are roughly made of rag, and the coigns and arches are often of rag or firestone, rather roughly handled, though sometimes of a better stone. The mortar used is not very good, and the work appears to have been quickly and rather indifferently done. In the second period all this is changed. The vaults are now made very neatly of brick. Excellently-tooled Caen stone is employed for all openings and coigns. The mortar used is excessively